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Objective:To investigate the motor and non-motor symptoms and polysomnographic features in patients with rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder (RBD), early Parkinson's disease (PD) with and without RBD.Methods:Patients with idiopathic RBD (IRBD) and early PD were collected from the clinics in West China Hospital of Sichuan University from August 2020 to May 2021.All the patients were divided into 3 groups including IRBD group (67 cases), PD with RBD (PD+ RBD) group (19 cases), and PD without RBD (PD-RBD) group (22 cases). Unified Parkinson's disease rating scale part 3 (UPDRS-Ⅲ), Hoehn-Yahr(H-Y) stage, Epworth sleepiness scale (ESS), REM sleep behavior disorder questionnaire-Hong Kong (RBDQ-HK), 17-item Hamilton depression scale(HAMD-17), mini-mental state examination(MMSE), Sniffin’Sticks olfactory function test, visual analogue scale (VAS), and scale for outcomes in Parkinson's disease-AUT(SCOPA-AUT) were used to assess the motor and non-motor symptoms including sleepiness, RBD, depression, cognitive function, olfactory function, pain and autonomic function respectively.All patients were performed to the polysomnography (PSG) examination.One-way ANOVA, Krukal-Wallis test, χ2 test and Fisher accurate test were used to analyze the data of motor and non-motor symptoms and sleep parameters among the 3 groups accordingly. Results:There were statistically significant differences in motor symptoms among the three groups ( F=57.009, P<0.05), and the scores of UPDRS Ⅲ and H-Y stage were higher in the PD+ /- RBD group than those in the IRBD group(both P<0.05). However, there was no significant difference in motor symptoms between PD+ RBD group and PD-RBD group ( P>0.05). There were no significant differences in the scores of ESS, MMSE, olfactory function test and VAS (all P>0.05). But the HAMD-17 score was significantly higher in the PD+ RBD group(2(1, 9)) than that in the IRBD group (0(0, 3)( P<0.05). The SCOPA-AUT scores of autonomic function were significant differences in the three groups, mainly in the digestive system, urinary system, and sexual function ( P<0.05). Notably, the IRBD group (8(4, 14)) and PD+ RBD group (11(7, 14)) had higher scores of SCOPA-AUT compared with PD-RBD group (4(4, 5.75)(all P<0.05), especially in the digestive dysfunction(all P<0.05). The PD+ RBD group(3.47±1.17) had higher scores of sexual function compared with IRBP group(1.78±0.60)( P<0.05), and the urinary system scores also higher than PD-RBD group( P<0.05). The PD-RBD group(21.30 (6.10, 34.00)/h) had a significantly higher oxygen desaturation index in REM sleep compared with that of IRBD group(5.90(2.70, 16.73)/h) ( P<0.05). Conclusions:Early PD with RBD has more severe non-motor symptoms, especially depression and autonomic dysfunction.RBD can be related with the earlier and more widely autonomic dysfunction.
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The purpose of this article is to discuss the clinical diagnosis and treatment of narcolepsy and parasomnias. In view of high probability and great harm of missed diagnosis and misdiagnosis of narcolepsy， as well as its close association with parasomnias， this study turns the research perspective to the clinical features of narcolepsy， the effects of rapid eye movement （REM） sleep， the comorbidity of narcolepsy and parasomnia （e.g. sleep paralysis， hypnagogic hallucination， and REM-sleep behavior disorder）， and the treatment of narcolepsy.
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Objective:The matria-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight mass spectrometry(MALDI-TOF MS) and sequencing methods were performed to assess the methodology (biochemistry methods) for identifying the Pandoraea sputorum and provide the more preferred approach to identify Pandoraea species. Methods:This paper is a study on performance evaluation of identification method. Ten lines of Pandoraea sputorum were isolated from blood cultures of inpatients were collected at Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University from July to October 2018 and were confirmed by the cultural characteristics, colonial morphology and Gram′s stain. Further identification was carried out by using the manual biochemical method (API 20NE), automatic biochemistry systems(BioMerieuxVITEK 2 Compact, BD Phoenix-100andThemo ARIS 2X), MALDI-TOF MS (BioMerieuxVITEK MS and Bruker MALDI Biotyper) and the sequencing methods of the 16S rRNA to identify the Pandoraea sputorum. Results:Pandoraea sputorum was non-fermented gram-negative bacteria that are non-motile, oxidase positive, and catalase positive. Ten lines of Pandoraea sputorum were identified as Achromobacter denitrificans, Alcaligenes faecalis or Cupriavidus pauculus and the accuracy rate of genus and species identification was 0 by API 20NE. Among all the samples, six lines were identified as the Pandoraea spp. with the accuracy rate of genus identification was 6/10 by VITEK 2 Compact; whereas the other four lines were identified as the Burkholderia cepacia, Sphingomonas paucimobilis, Ralstonia pickettii, or "Low Discrim" . All of these were identified as "No Identification" by Phoenix-100, which the accuracy rate of genus and species identification was 0. Seven isolates were identified by ARIS 2X as Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, Acinetobacter lwoffii, Sphingomonas paucimobilis, Pseudomonas luteola, Acinetobacter baumannii/Acinetobacter haemolyticus; whereas the other three lines were identified as rare species, thus, the accuracy rate of genus and species identification was 0. Both VITEK MS and MALDI Biotyper indicated all the isolates were Pandoraea sputorum with the accuracy rate of genus and species identification was 10/10. 16S rRNA sequencing for the 10 isolates showed they have 100% of similarity to Pandoraea sputorum by blasting with Genebank. Conclusions:Methods based on biochemical reactions often failed to accurately identify the Pandoraea sputorum to species level. MALDL-TOF MS and 16S rRNA sequencing technology identify Pandoraea sputorum efficiently and precisely enough.
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Chronic excess alcohol intake triggers the formation of enterogenic endotoxemia. TLR4 ligand localization activates nuclear transcription factor NF-κB by inducing the up-regulation of NLRP3 inflammasome and the biologically inactive IL-1β and IL-18 precursors to form initiation of pro-inflammatory signals. Under the influence of ethanol, the damaged hepatocyte release uric acid, and adenosine triphosphate and induces NLRP3 inflammasome assembly and functional activation in Kupffer cells to promote the release of inflammatory mediators, such as interleukin-1β and interleukin-18, that cascade mediates inflammation and drive alcoholic liver disease from steatosis to inflammation and fibrosis. The NLRP3 inflammasome acts as a ligand-sensing element and plays an important role in mediating the immune and inflammatory response in the course of alcoholic liver disease. Thus, exploring the activation mechanism of NLRP3 inflammasome and its pathogenic role may provide a new idea in the clinical treatment of alcoholic liver disease.
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The use of antiviral drugs during pregnancy to reduce serum HBV DNA levels can block the mother-to-child transmission.However, clinical studies have shown that neonatal immunization failure may occur in some cases among pregnant women with high HBV DNA load receiving hepatitis B vaccine combined with hepatitis B immunoglobulin(HBIG).This article reviews the recent progress on the antiviral therapy strategies for the use of nucleoside(acid)analogues in pregnant women with high levels of HBV DNA,focusing on the success rate of blocking mother-infant transmission, the safety for both mothers and infants,and the duration of drug use and the time of drug withdrawal.
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Chronic hepatitis C virus ( HCV) infection has been reported in association with several extrahepatic complications, among which mixed cryoglobulinemia is the most documented. Clinical manifestations of HCV related cryoglobulinemia include skin lesions, glomerulonephritis, peripheral neuropathy, and widespread vasculitis.The therapy may be directed to eradicate HCV infections, suppress B-cell clonal expansion and cryoglobulin production, and ameliorate symptoms.This paper reviews the research progress on pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, diagnosis and treatment of HCV related cryoglobulinemia.
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Rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder (RBD) is currently considered as a prodromal stage of alphasynucleinopathies neurodegeneration. The update data suggested that over 80% patients with idiopathic RBD eventually developed neurodegenerative disease after a mean of 14 years interval from the onset of RBD. A series of potential biomarkers have been identified to predict the development of neurodegeneration in idiopathic RBD, including olfactory loss, color vision deficit, depression, mild cognitive impairment, excessive daytime sleepiness, dopamine dysfunction, and tonic electromyographic activity. Early recognition of the predictive markers of neurodegeneration in idiopathic RBD is essential for development of intervention or prevention strategies at the presymptomatic stage. Nonetheless, the current literature is lacking biomarkers that might reflect the alpha-synuclein neuropathology at the earliest stages. Future studies with large samples and systematic follow-up are needed to confirm more potential markers of neurodegeneration at its early stages.
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Humans , alpha-Synuclein , Biomarkers , Color Vision , Depression , Dopamine , Follow-Up Studies , Cognitive Dysfunction , Neurodegenerative Diseases , Parkinson Disease , Prodromal Symptoms , REM Sleep Behavior Disorder , Sleep, REMABSTRACT
Objective To observe the effect of interferon (IFN) λ1 on the function of peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) derived dendritic cells (DC) in adolescents with chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection.Methods A total of 34 adolescent patients with chronic HBV infection including 16 cases in immune clearance phase and 18 cases in immune tolerant phase,and 10 healthy youths were enrolled in the study.PBMC from all samples were isolated and then cultured according to the following 3 groups.IFN-λ1 group:cultured with IFN-λ1 only; normal group:cultured with recombinant human granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (rhGM-CSF) and recombinant human interleukin-4 (rhIL-4); combination group:cultured with IFN-λ1,rhGM-CSF and rhIL-4.The shape of DC was observed and the phenotypic patterns of CD83,CD80,CD86 and human leucocyte antigen (HLA)-DR were characterized by flow cytometry.The levels of interleukin 12 (IL-12) and IFN-γ in the supernatant produced by DC were analyzed with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).Independent-samples t test was used to compare means between two groups and one-way ANOVA was used to compare means among multiple groups.Results In the IFN-λ1 group,the shape of adherent cells showed no change after 7 days of culture.In the normal group and combination group,typical morphology of mature state DC was observed.The expressions of phenotypic patterns of CD83,CD80,CD86 and HLA-DR in DC from immune tolerant phase patients were lower than those from healthy control youths and immune clearance phase patients (F=14.82-46.32,all P＜0.01).Co-stimuation of IFN-λ1 with rhGM-CSF and rhIL-4 up-regulated the expressions of phenotypic patterns on DC.Among patients both in immune tolerant phase and immune clearance phase,the expressions of CD83,CD80,CD86 and HLA-DR in the combination group were higher than those in normal group (t=3.16-5.69,all P＜0.01).In the normal group,the levels of IL-12 and IFN-γ in culture supernatants from healthy aldolescents were (287.25 ± 19.78) pg/mL and (56.38 ± 15.27)pg/mL,respectively; those from patients in immune tolerant phase were (198.42±22.28) pg/mL and (29.36±8.45) pg/mL,respectively; those from patients in immune clearance phase were (256.12±18.43) pg/mL and (38.38±9.72) pg/mL,respectively (F=69.22 for IL-12,F=20.29 for IFN-γ,both P＜0.01).IFN-λ1 combined with rhGM-CSF and rhIL-4 significantly up-regulated the secretion of IL-12 and IFN-γ by matured DC from patients both in immune tolerant phase and immune clearance phase (t=4.69-8.55,all P＜0.01).Conclusions In adolescent patients with chronic HBV infection,the DC function is markedly impaired in those in immune tolerant phase,compared with patients in immune clearance phase and healthy youths.IFN-λ1 can promote the maturation and phenotypic pattern expression of PBMC derived DC in adolescents with chronic HBV infection both in immune tolerant phase and immune clearance phase.
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Objective To study the role of inositol requiring enzyme 1 (IRE1)-mediated endoplasmic reticulum stress on hepatocyte apoptosis of experimental fulminant hepatic failure (FHF).Methods Thirty male depuratory Wistar rats were manufactured to be FHF model by peritoneal injection of D-galactosamine (D-GalN) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS),and 30 rats were injected peritoneally with 0.9％ sodium chloride solution as controls.The apoptosis of liver cells was detected by flow cytometry.The protein and mRNA expressions of Caspase-12 and IRE1 in liver tissues were detected by immunohistochemistry and reverse transcriptation-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).The independent samples were compared by Kruskal-Wallis H test.The comparison between two groups at the same time point was done by Mann-Whitney U test.The correlation analysis was done by rank correlation.Results The apoptotic rates of liver cells at 2,4,8 and 12 hours were increased over time in model group (x2 =25.475,P=0.01),which were higher than control group (U=0,P＜0.01).The expressions of Caspase-12 and IRE1 proteins in liver tissues were upregulated in model group,while the expressions were not detected in control group.The expressions of Caspase-12 and IRE1 mRNA in model group were also increased over time and peaked at 8 h,then gradually decreased; the differences among different time points were statistically significant (x2 =23.983,x2 =24.820; both P＜0.01),and all higher than control group (U=0,P＜0.01).IRE1 was positively correlated with both Caspase-12 and hepatocellular apoptotic rate (r=0.733 and 0.715,respectively;both P＜0.01).Caspase-12 was positively correlated with hepatocellular apoptotic rate (r=0.586,P＜0.01).Conclusions IRE1 mediated endoplasmic reticulum stress on hepatocyte apoptosis is closely related to the development of FHF.The earlier intervention on endoplasmic reticulum stress pathway,the more protective effect in liver failure.
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Objective To investigate the clinical features, risk factors, diagnose, treatments and prognosis of patients with hepatitis B virus (HBV)-related liver failure complicated with invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA). Methods A case-control study was performed to retrospectively analyze the clinical data of 43 patients with HBV-related liver failure complicated with IPA. A cohort of 43 patients with HBV-related liver failure complicated with bacterial infection only was analyzed at the same time and another cohort of 43 patients with HBV-related liver failure without any infections served as the control group. Results Compared with the control group, patients with infection had lower platelet counts and prothrombin activity, higher scores of model for end-stage liver disease (MELD), especially the patients with IPA (F=42.43,13.69,14, 22, all P＜0.01). And the similar results were observed in patients with IPA group before and after Aspergillus infection (F= 12.09,14.52,-16.74, all P＜0.01). Furthermore, the annual mortality was 100. 0% in patients with IPA,which was higher than that of patients complicated with bacterial infection only; and both groups were higher than control group of patients without infection. The statistic results showed that patients with longer length of stay, more antibiotics usage, and more invasive procedures were all risk factors of HBV-related liver failure complicated with IPA. Conclusions Conditions of patients with HBV-related liver failure deteriorate rapidly after complicated with IPA and patients have higher mortality and poorer prognosis.Therefore, it will be effective to enhance the recognition of the early clinical manifestations, and make diagnosis timely and treat with potent anti-fungal therapy to improve their survival.
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Objective To explore the correlation between the efficacy of lamivudine (LAM)therapy and changes of T lymphocyte subsets,CD4+ CD25+ regulatory T lymphocytes (Treg),and levels of interleukin-10 (IL-10)and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ)in the peripheral blood of patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB).Methods Ninety CHB patients were enrolled in this study.T lymphocyte subsets in the peripheral blood were detected by flow cytometry at baseline and week 52 of LAM therapy.The frequencies of CD4+ CD25+ Treg in the peripheral blood were detected by flow cytometry and levels of IL-10 and IFN-γ were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)at baseline,week 12,24,36 and 52.The comparisons of overall means between groups and within groups were done by analysis of variance or Dunnett's test.The comparison of means before and after LAM therapy was done by paired t test.Results In 32 complete-responders of 90 CHB patients,the proportions of CD4+ T lymphocytes,CD8+ T lymphocytes and CD4+/CD8+ ratio were increased significantly after LAM therapy (t=4.055、3.267、2.328,all P＜0.05); the frequencies of CD4+CD25+ Treg at baseline,week 12,24,36 and 52 were (5.40±0.60)%,(4.99±0.59)%,(4.54± 0.72)%,(3.86±0.95)% and (3.44±0.76)%,respectively; the levels of IFN-γ,IFN-γ/IL-10 ratio were increased,while the IL-10 level was decreased after LAM therapy.In 43 partial-responders,the proportion of CD4+T lymphocytes and ratio of CD4+/CD8+ were increased after LAM therapy (t= 3.484,2.018,both P＜0.05); the proportion of CD8+ T lymphocytes was not changed significantly after therapy; the frequencies of CD4+ CD25+ Treg at baseline,week 12,24,36 and 52 were (5.65±0.60)%,(5.23±0.63)%,(4.65±0.98)%,(4.42±0.97)% and (4.32±0.82)%,respectively;IFN-γ level,IFN-γ/IL-10 ratio were increased,while IL-10 level was decreased.In 15 non-responders,the proportion of T lymphocyte subsets,the frequency of CD4+ CD25+ Treg,the levels of IFN-γ and IL-10 were not changed significantly after LAM treatment.Conclusions In CHB patients who have achieved response after LAM therapy,the frequency of CD4+ CD25+ Treg in the peripheral blood is decreased,while ratios of CD4+/CD8+ and IFN-γ/IL-10 in the peripheral blood are increased.
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Objective To investigate the expression and significance of adiponectin(Adip) and the it's receptor 1, 2( AdipoR1, AdipoR2) in the pathogenesis of alcoholic liver disease ( ALD). Methods Fifty male Wistar rats were acclimatized for 7 days and then 10 rats were randomly assigned to be control. Others were to develop the rats mod-el of ALD by intragastric alcohol of increasing concentration and volume gradually [30% ～ 60%, 5 ～9 g/(kg · d)] , 8, 8, 8 and 9 rats were sacrificed randomly at the end of 4th, 8th, 12th and 16th week, liver samples and liver homogenate (10% ) were collected respectively. The concentration of triglyceride (TG) in the liver homogenate and the level of adiponectin and tumor necrosis alpha (TNFα) in the serum were measured by bi-ochemical chromatometry and ELISA method respectively. The mRNA and protein expression of Adip, AdipoRl and AdipoR2 in the hepatic tissue were performed by reverse transcription polymerase (RT-PCR) and Western blot. Results The model of rats alchoholic liver disease was developed. With the progress of ALD,the level of TG and TNFα in serum increased and the contention of Adip decreased gradually. The expression of Adip and AdipoR2 mRNA and protein decreased and no significant change was found in the AdipoRl. There is a negative correlationbetween the expression of serum Adip and AdipoR2 in hepatic tissue and the level of serum TNF-α and TG in the liver homogenate. ( r =-0. 98 ～-0. 90, P < 0. 01 ). The expression level of Adip protein was positively correlated with the contents of Adip in the serum ( r = 0. 90, P < 0. 01 ). Conclusion There is a close correlation between the decreased expression of Adip and AdipoR2 and adipose degenaration and inflammation in hepatic tissue.
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Objective To evaluate the clinical efficiency and safety of thiazolidinediones (TZDs) on treat-ment of patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Methods The published controlled clinical trials about TZDs on treatment of patients with NAFLD from 1998 to 2008 were identified by searching in the full-text data base,such as Medline, PubMed, Ovid, EMCC, CBM Disc, CNKI, Wanfang, Weipu data and so on, as well as by searching of cross references from original articles and reviews. The enrollment standard was formulated strictly ac-cording to the designs of trials, and Meta analysis was performed by software package of Review Manage 4.2. Further-more, the statistic test, sensitivity and publication bias about the combined statistic data were revealed by referring to forest-graph and funnel-plot. Results All of the 473 patients in 18 controlled clinical trials were enrolled in this study. The weighted mean diffrerence of serum ALT, AST,TC,TG and BMI, HOMA-IR before and after treatment with TZDs 32. 24 (18.98-45.49) (Z=4.77,P<0.05),20.32 (2.30-38.35) (Z=2.21,P<0.05),0.26 (-0.01-0.54)(Z=1.88,P=0.06),0.63 (0.33-0.93) (Z=4.14,P<0.01),and -0.06 (-0.66-0.55) (Z=0.19, P=0.85),2.63 (1.33-3.93) (Z=3.96, P<0.01). In all papers, the improvement of hepatic tissue after treatment with TZDs in patients with NAFLD was observed in only 6 articles, which demonstrated the hepatic steatosis, inflammation and fibrosis [WMD (95% CI) 1.59 (1.08-2.10), 1.45 (0.90-2.00), 0.72 (0.12-1.32), Z= 6.08,5.16,2.33,P<0.05],especially the degree of NASH activity index,whose WMD (95% CI) was 4.21 (3.13-5.28) and Z=7.66,P<0.01, were improved significantly in the 104 NASH patients taken this kinds of drugs. There were 7 patients exiting from the all chnical trial, and the main adverse effects in patients accepting treat-ment with TZDs were debility, dizziness, edema of lower extremity, weight gain, indisposition of gastrointestinal tract, elevated liver enzyme and so on, which were similar to the control group. Conclusions The therapeutic effects of TZDs on NAFLD is confirmed. Not only are the serum liver enzyme,TC,TG and HOMA-IR in patients with NAFLD improved, but this new euglycemic agent has no acutely adverse effect in clinical application,which confirms the clin-ical efficiency and safety of TZDs on treatment of patients with NAFLD.
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Objective To explore the effect of cyclooxygenase 2(COX-2) in the pathogenesis of alcoholic liver disease(ALD).Methods A model of ALD was developed with Wistar rats by intragastric alcohol.Liver samples were collected by the end of 4th,8th,12th and 16th week respectively.The concentrations of triglyceride(TG),oxygen free radical(ORF),superoxide dismutase(SOD),anti-superoxide anion(ASOA),6-ketone-prostaglandin F1?(6-K-PGF1?),thromboxane B2(TXB2) and malondiadehyde(MDA) in the liver homogenate were measured by biochemistry chromatometry.Pathology of hepatic tissue was examined by hematoxylin eosin,sudan Ⅳ and sirius red staining.The protein and mRNA expression of COX-2 in liver tissues were examined by immunohistochemical method and reverse transcription-polymerase chain raction(RT-PCR) respectively.Results By the end of 4th,8th,12th and 16th week,the content of COX-2 mRNA in liver tissue of model rats were 1.29,1.70,1.92 and 3.38 times the same as normal rats(P
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OBJECTIVE To discuss the antibiotic resistance situation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and provide basis for therapy and control of the nosocomical infection. METHODS Fourteen strains of P.aeruginosa which derived from 60 and more years aged patients in intensive care unit(ICU) were analyzed by conventional chemistry test,PCR inspection,antimicrobial susceptibility test,plasmid pattern analysis and enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus(ERIC)-PCR polymorphism analysis. RESULTS Fourteen strains had the same chemistry traits,many strains appeared multi-antibiotic resistance,10 strains had a plasmid of 23kb or so without obvious association with(multi-antibiotic) resistance,14 strains were divided into three clusters by ERIC-PCR technique and their banding pattern cluster analysis,their similarity coefficients were from 0.62 to 0.86. CONCLUSIONS Nosocomial infection of P.aeruginosa which screened from aged patients in ICU has taken on sporadic state;ERIC-PCR fingerprinting technique genotyping method has high discrimination,and good reproducibility and give faster genotyping result with less hands-on time,which serves as nosocomial infection epidemiologic surveillances of P.aeruginosa.
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Objective To study the drug susceptibility,potential toxin factors,and genotypes of Candida albicans.Methods Forty-six strains of C.albicans were isolated from clinical samples of lower respiratory tract infection.The genomic DNA was amplified by PCR to determine the 25S rDNA genotypes.The drug sensitivity was investigated by disk diffusion and broth dilution respectively.Adhesiveness test and protease activity assay were performed.Results Forty-six strains were divided into A(18),B(6),and C(22) three genotypes.Most trains displayed high sensitivity to natamycin,amphotericin B,nystatin,fluorocytosine,and itraconazole.MIC results showed that there was significant difference against fluconazole and 5-fluorocytosine between A and B as well as C genotypes(P0.01).The cell adhesiveness test demonstrated that the strain adhesiveness was proportional to the protease activity(r=0.977,P
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To meet the demands of educating high-quality talents with broad basic medical knowledges background,strong operating skills and good innovative consciousness,we attempted to reform the conventional teaching models of clinical microbiology laboratory as following:①to optimize the teaching contents;②to enhance links between laboratory technologies and medicines;③to improve undergraduate students'examinations and evaluation systems.The teaching effect gets the recognition of students and peers.
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Objective:To explore the effect of Toll like receptor 4(TLR4) and interleukin 1 belta,6,10 and tumor necrosis ? on the etiopathogenesis in rat model with alcoholic liver disease(ALD).Methods:A rat model of ALD was induced by intragastric alcohol.At the end of 4,8,12 and 16 weeks,liver and serum samples were collected.The levels of interleukin 1 belta,6,10 and tumor necrosis ? in serum were examined.Hematoxylin-eosin,sudan Ⅳ and sirius red staining were performed to obeserve the hepatic pathology.The mRNA expression of TLR4 in liver tissues were examined by reverse transcription polymerase chain raction(RT-PCR) method.Results:With the progress of ALD,the levels of interleukin 1 belta,6 and tumor necrosis ? in serum and the mRNA expression of TLR4 in liver tissues increased significantly(P